{"id":4395578,"date":"2023-05-30T14:34:41","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T19:34:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/?p=4395578"},"modified":"2023-05-30T14:34:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T19:34:50","slug":"digital-markets-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olartemoure.com\/en\/digital-markets-act\/","title":{"rendered":"The digital markets act"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]The Digital Markets Act is a groundbreaking law from the European Union that regulates the performance of large online platforms (designated as gatekeepers) in the digital economy to guarantee fair competition, which started applying on 2 May 2023. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#003366&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/searching-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;searching icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;96px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;90%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of this new regulation is that companies acting as gatekeepers in the online platform economy will stop committing unfair market practices.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]The criteria stipulated to designate an online platform as a \u201cgatekeeper\u201d are the following:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/data-base-search-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;data base search icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;50px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>That the digital platform has a significant size that impacts the internal market.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/internet-find.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;internet find&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;50px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>It controls an important gateway for business users toward final consumers.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/time-sensitive-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;time sensitive icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;50px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>That the company has a well-established and long-lasting position.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Being designated as a gatekeeper under the Digital Markets Act will bring some consequences. There are certain things that gatekeepers will have to do and others they cannot do.<\/p>\n<p>On one side, gatekeepers will have to:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/check-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;check icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Allow final users to easily uninstall preinstalled apps or change default settings on operating systems or web browsers that redirect to products or services from the gatekeepers. [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/check-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;check icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Allow final users to install third-party apps that interact with the operating systems from the gatekeepers. [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/check-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;check icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Allow final users to unsubscribe from the platform services of the gatekeepers easily.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/check-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;check icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Offer the possibility to the companies to include advertisements on their platform with access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/check-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;check icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Allow business users to promote their offers. [\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]On the other hand, gatekeepers cannot:  [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prohibited-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;prohibited icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Use the business user&#8217;s data when the gatekeepers compete with them in their own platform.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prohibited-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;check icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Classify their own products or services in a more favorable manner compared to those of third parties.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prohibited-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;prohibited icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Require app developers to use gatekeeper&#8217;s services to appear in their app stores.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prohibited-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;prohibited icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Track final users outside of the gatekeeper&#8217;s platform service for the purpose of targeted advertising.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]These are the next steps for the application of the Digital Markets Act:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ticket-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;ticket icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>In a period of two months, the digital platforms will have to notify the European Commission and send all relevant information.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ticket-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;ticket icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]After receiving the information, the Commission will have two additional months to decide whether those digital platforms will be designated as gatekeepers.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ticket-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;ticket icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]If so, these gatekeepers will have a period of six months since the Commission decided to designate them as such to ensure compliance of the obligations included in the Digital Markets Act.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ticket-icon.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;ticket icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Likewise, the Commission has the intention to organize several workshops with interested parties to know their opinions about the compliance of gatekeepers.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]If a gatekeeper does not comply with this regulation, it will face sanctions by the European Commission, who is the sole enforcer of these provisions. These sanctions include the following:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/alert-icon-1.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;alert icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Fines of up to 10% of the company&#8217;s total annual worldwide turnover, or up to 20% in the case of repeated infringements.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/alert-icon-1.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;alert icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Penalty payments of up to 5% of the average daily turnover.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/alert-icon-1.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;alert icon&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; body_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]Additional corrective measures if there is a systematic failure to comply with these obligations. must be proportionate to the misconduct committed and may be structural or behavioral measures, such as the transfer of parts of a company.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#003366&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Our Expert<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Santiago Lombana&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DSL.jpeg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; alt=&#8221;Santiago Lombana&#8221; title_text=&#8221;DSL&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;90px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;1.05em&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1.05em&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.olartemoure.com\/en\/team\/daniel-santiago-lombana\/&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Antitrust and Consumer<br \/>Law Coordinator<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Digital Markets Act is a groundbreaking law from the EU that regulates the performance of large online platforms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4395658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4395578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications","category-competition-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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